Umgubo weProline
I-Proline (efinyeziweyo njenge-Pro okanye i-P), enefomyula yekhemikhali i-C5H9NO2 kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli obuyi-115.13, yi-amino acid ejikelezayo. α- Ii-amino acid, ezingathathi cala, ezine-isoelectric point eyi-6.30, zinyibilika kakhulu emanzini kunayo nayiphi na enye i-amino acid, kwaye zinokunyibilika malunga ne-162g kwi-100g yamanzi kwi-25 ℃. Kulula ukuzinyibilikisa kodwa akulula ukuzenza ziqine, zinencasa emnandi. Ukufudumeza kunye nesisombululo se-ninhydrin kuvelisa iikhompawundi ezityheli. Nje ukuba ingene kwi-peptide chain, i-hydroxylation inokwenzeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-4-hydroxyproline, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-collagen yezilwanyana. I-Hydroxyproline ikwakho kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, ngakumbi ezinxulumene nokwakhiwa kweendonga zeseli. Izityalo zihlala zifumana ukuqokelelwa okukhulu kwe-proline phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezimbi ezifana nembalela, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi, kunye netyuwa. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zeklinikhi, zezinto eziphilayo, imboni, kunye nezinye.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-proline:I-DL proline, i-L-proline, kunye ne-D-proline. Eyona ibizwa ngokuba yi-proline yi-L-proline, i-amino acid yendalo. Kubushushu begumbi, le mveliso yikristale ye-columnar. Ibola ngokukhawuleza xa ishushu ukuya kuma-215-220 ℃. Inyibilika emanzini ashushu kunye ne-ethanol. Imnandi kancinci kwaye i-hygroscopic. I-racemization kwisisombululo se-alkaline. [α] D25-86.5 ° (amanzi), -60.4 ° (5N hydrochloric acid). Isasazwa kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo. I-amino acid enomxholo ophakathi kwi-plankton yolwandle; Ikwakho nakumanzi olwandle, kwi-particle matter, nakwii-sediments zolwandle.
Iproline yi-amino acid engabalulekanga emzimbeni womntu.
Umsebenzi kunye nenjongo
Isicelo kwishishini leyeza
Amayeza e-amino acid. Enye yezinto ezisetyenziswa ekufakweni kwe-amino acid edityanisiweyo. Isetyenziselwa ukongezwa kweproteni emva kokungondleki kakuhle, ukungabikho kweproteni, izifo ezinzima zesisu, ukutsha, kunye neenkqubo zotyando. Akukho miphumo mibi ibonakalayo.
Iziphumo ze-intrabiological
Kwizinto eziphilayo, i-proline ayisiyonto ifanelekileyo yokulawula i-osmoregulation kuphela, kodwa ikwasebenza njengesithako esikhuselayo kwii-membranes kunye nee-enzymes, kunye nesithako esisusa ii-radicals zasimahla, ngaloo ndlela sikhusela ukukhula kwezityalo phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-osmotic. Ukuze kuqokeleleke enye into ebalulekileyo yokulawula i-osmoregulation kwii-vacuoles kwizinto eziphilayo ze-potassium ion, i-proline inokudlala indima yokulawula kwi-cytoplasmic osmotic balance.
Izicelo zoshishino
Kwishishini lokwenziwa kwezinto, i-proline inokuthatha inxaxheba ekubangeleni ii-reactions ezingalinganiyo kwaye isebenze njenge-catalyst ye-hydrogenation, i-polymerization, kunye nee-reactions ezilawulwa ngamanzi. Xa isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ye-reactions ezinjalo, inomsebenzi onamandla kunye ne-stereospecificity elungileyo.
Izicelo kwezinye iindawo
1. I-Proline kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zihlala zisetyenziswa njengee-catalysts ezilinganayo kwiimpendulo zezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokunciphisa i-CBS kunye ne-catalytic aldol condensation reaction ye-proline njengemizekelo ebalaseleyo.
2. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-proline, iproteni ityebile kwi-proline edibene ne-polyphenols, enokubangela i-haze (turbidity).
3. Izinto ezikrwada zokwenziwa kwezithinteli ze-gallstone ester.
4. Izinto ezibangela iincasa, ezisabela kunye neswekile ngokufudumeza kunye ukuze zenze amaqela e-amino hydrogen, zinokuvelisa izinto ezinevumba elikhethekileyo.
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